EN | TR
E-ISSN: 2147-673X
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus in HIV/AIDS Patients at Gaziantep University
PDF
Cite
Share
Request
RESEARCH ARTICLE
VOLUME: 5 ISSUE: 5
P: 5-5
March 2016

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus in HIV/AIDS Patients at Gaziantep University

Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob 2016;5(5):5-5
DOI: 10.4274/mjima.2016.5
Ahmet Şahin
Sema Şahin
Mustafa Namıduru
İlkay Karaoğlan
Vuslat Boşnak
1. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Şahinbey Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği, Gaziantep, Türkiye
No information available.
No information available
PDF
Cite
Share
Request

Summary

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have major effect on the morbidity and mortality related with hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections. Several observational studies suggest that HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfected patients may have higher rates of fibrosis progression and an increased risk of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma than patients with HBV and HCV infection alone. Hepatocellular carcinoma also occurs at an earlier age among HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-seronegative patients. In our study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections because of common transmission route in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 113 HIV/AIDS patients followed by the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic at Gaziantep University Şahinbey Training and Application Hospital between 2011 and 2016. Demographic data of patients, HIV transmission routes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBsAg, anti-HBcAg immunoglobulin (Ig) total and anti-HCV serology, and real-time polymerase chain reaction results of serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels were obtained from patient records.

Results: Ninety-four (83.2%) of 113 HIV/AIDS patients were male and 19 (16.8%) were female. The average age of the patients was 40.22±11.41 years. Eight patients (7%) were positive for HBsAg, 31 (27-4%) for anti-HBcAg total Ig, six (5%) for isolated anti-HBcAg Ig total 47 (41.5%) for anti-HBsAg and three (2.6%) subjects were positive for anti-HCV. All patients who were exposed to HBV were heterosexual. Of the three patients exposed to HCV, two (66.6%) were intravenous drug user. Symptoms of cirrhosis were not observed in HIV/HBV co-infected patients, while one HIV/HCV co-infected patient but one HIV/HCV co-infected patient.

Conclusion: Because of the common transmission routes of HBV, HCV and HIV, serologic and virologic markers of hepatitis are necessary for both diagnosis and treatment of co-infections. Co-infection affects chronic hepatitis progression. This is important to avoid possible complications such as cirrhosis. Therefore, all patients with HIV infection should be followed for HBV and HCV.

Keywords:
HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, seroprevalence, co-infection

References

1
Koziel MJ, Peters MG. Viral hepatitis in HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1445-54.
2
Feld JJ, Ocama P, Ronald A. The liver in HIV in Africa. Antivir Ther. 2005;10:953-65.
3
Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Squadrito G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2007;46:160-70.
4
Konopnicki D, Mocroft A, de Wit S, Antunes F, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Zilmer K, Vella S, Kirk O, Lundgren JD, Euro SG. Hepatitis B and HIV: prevalence, AIDS progression, response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased mortality in the EuroSIDA cohort. AIDS. 2005;19:593- 601.
5
Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, El-Sadr WM, Kirk O, Dabis F, Law MG, Pradier C, De Wit S, Akerlund B, Calvo G, Monforte A, Rickenbach M, Ledergerber B, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1632-41.
6
Thio CL, Smeaton L, Saulynas M, Hwang H, Saravanan S, Kulkarni S, Hakim J, Nyirenda M, Iqbal HS, Lalloo UG, Mehta AS, Hollabaugh K, Campbell TB, Lockman S, Currier JS. Characterization of HIV-HBV coinfection in a multinational HIV-infected cohort. AIDS. 2013;27:191-201.
7
Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Skolasky R Jr., Phair J, Visscher B, Munoz A, Thomas DL, Multicenter ACS. HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet. 2002;360:1921-6.
8
Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Astemborski J, Galai N, Washington J, Higgins Y, Balagopal A, Thomas DL. HIV, age, and the severity of hepatitis C virusrelated liver disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:658-66.
9
Puoti M, Airoldi M, Bruno R, Zanini B, Spinetti A, Pezzoli C, Patroni A, Castelli F, Sacchi P, Filice G, Carosi G. Hepatitis B virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. AIDS Rev. 2002;4:27-35.
10
Patassi A, Benaboud S, Landoh DE, Salou M, Dagnra AC, Saka B, Krivine A, Meritet JF, Pitche P, Salmon-Ceron D. Hepatitis B infection in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Lome, Togo: Prevalence and molecular consequences. S Afr Med J. 2016;106:634-9.
11
Kellerman SE, Hanson DL, McNaghten AD, Fleming PL. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:571-7.
12
Sulkowski MS. Viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection. J Hepatol. 2008;48:353-67.
13
Karaosmanoglu HK, Aydın OA, İnce ER, Nazlıcan Ö. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Patients with HIV/AIDS. Viral Hepatit Dergisi. 2009;14:53-6.
14
Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Lewin SR, Amin J, Rerknimitr R, Petcharapirat P, Marks P, Sasadeusz J, Cooper DA, Bowden S, Locarnini S, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ. A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/ HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand. Hepatology. 2008;48:1062-9.
15
Kosi L, Reiberger T, Payer BA, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Strassl R, Rieger A, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Five-year on-treatment efficacy of lamivudine-, tenofovir- and tenofovir + emtricitabine-based HAART in HBV-HIVcoinfected patients. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19:801-10.
16
Sherman KE, Rouster SD, Chung RT, Rajicic N. Hepatitis C Virus prevalence among patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a crosssectional analysis of the US adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:831-7.
17
Alberti A, Clumeck N, Collins S, Gerlich W, Lundgren J, Palu G, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Weiland O, Yazdanpanah Y, Zeuzem S, European Consensus Conference Jury. Short statement of the first European Consensus Conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV coinfected patients. J Hepatol. 2005;42:615-24.
18
Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C in the HIV-Infected Person. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:197-207.
19
Cotte L, Chevallier Queyron P, Schlienger I, Trabaud MA, Brochier C, Andre P, Zoulim F. Sexually transmitted HCV infection and reinfection in HIVinfected homosexual men. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009;33:977-80.
20
Ghosn J, Thibault V, Delaugerre C, Fontaine H, Lortholary O, Rouzioux C, Pol S, Chaix ML. Sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus superinfection in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2008;22:658-61.
21
van de Laar TJ, van der Bij AK, Prins M, Bruisten SM, Brinkman K, Ruys TA, van der Meer JT, de Vries HJ, Mulder JW, van Agtmael M, Jurriaans S, Wolthers KC, Coutinho RA. Increase in HCV incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam most likely caused by sexual transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:230-8.
22
Bica I, McGovern B, Dhar R, Stone D, McGowan K, Scheib R, Snydman DR. Increasing mortality due to end-stage liver disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:492-7.
23
Thomas DL, Astemborski J, Rai RM, Anania FA, Schaeffer M, Galai N, Nolt K, Nelson KE, Strathdee SA, Johnson L, Laeyendecker O, Boitnott J, Wilson LE, Vlahov D. The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection: host, viral, and environmental factors. JAMA. 2000;284:450-6.
24
Shafran SD. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy: the current best way to reduce liver-related deaths in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44:551-6.
25
Wit FW, Weverling GJ, Weel J, Jurriaans S, Lange JM. Incidence of and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral combination therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:23-31.
26
Avidan NU, Goldstein D, Rozenberg L, McLaughlin M, Ferenci P, Masur H, Buti M, Fauci AS, Polis MA, Kottilil S. Hepatitis C viral kinetics during treatment with peg IFN-alpha-2b in HIV/HCV coinfected patients as a function of baseline CD4+ T-cell counts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52:452-8.
27
Soriano V, Puoti M, Sulkowski M, Cargnel A, Benhamou Y, Peters M, Mauss S, Brau N, Hatzakis A, Pol S, Rockstroh J. Care of patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus: 2007 updated recommendations from the HCV-HIV International Panel. AIDS. 2007;21:1073-89.
28
Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, Workowski K, Ruane P, Towner WJ, Marks K, Luetkemeyer A, Baden RP, Sax PE, Gane E, Santana-Bagur J, Stamm LM, Yang JC, German P, Dvory-Sobol H, Ni L, Pang PS, McHutchison JG, Stedman CA, Morales-Ramirez JO, Brau N, Jayaweera D, Colson AE, Tebas P, Wong DK, Dieterich D, Sulkowski M, Investigators ION. Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:705-13.